世界优秀男子400m跑运动员速度分配新特点     

陈巧弟 《湖北体育科技》2003,22(3):353-355

运用献资料法和灰色关联分析法，对世界7名优秀男子400m跑运动员的速度分配特点进行了分析。找出了影响竞赛成绩的主要因素，提出了相应的建议。  相似文献   

髋部肌群对跑速的作用研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

方儒钦 《军事体育进修学院学报》2004,23(3):60-62

通过对髋部肌群工作时的生理机制的研究，着重从理论与实践上阐述髋部肌群在短跑中的重要作用。提出了为了改变我国短跑水平的落后面貌，必须重视髋部肌群的力量的观点。  相似文献   

世界优秀短跑与跨栏运动员年度及小周期训练负荷控制特征的研究     

尹军  朱海明  冯晓东 《山东体育学院学报》2005,21(3):85-88

运用文献资料、特征解析和数理统计等研究方法，对短跑与跨栏运动员的年度及小周期训练负荷控制特征进行研究。结果表明：在年度不同中周期训练过程中，准备期的速度力量训练负荷量约占年度速度力量训练总负荷量的41％-42％，赛前准备期的速度力量训练负荷量约占全年速度力量训练总负荷量的43％-44％，比赛期的速度力量训练负荷量约占全年速度力量训练总负荷量的6％-7％；而小周期运动负荷的控制特征，则表现为准备期中各小周期的训练内容是以改进技术动作作为提高竞技能力的核心，并以提高最大速度和速度耐力作为身体素质训练的主要内容，但最大力量、速度力量和有氧耐力训练仍是其重要内容之一。  相似文献   

No effect of acute and chronic supramaximal exercise on circulating levels of the myokine SPARC     

Preeyaphorn Songsorn  José Ruffino 《European Journal of Sport Science》2017,17(4):447-452

Myokines may play a role in the health benefits of regular physical activity. Secreted protein acidic rich in cysteine (SPARC) is a pleiotropic myokine that has been shown to be released into the bloodstream by skeletal muscle in response to aerobic exercise. As there is evidence suggesting that SPARC release may be linked to glycogen breakdown and activation of 5’ adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, we hypothesised that brief supramaximal exercise may also be associated with increased serum SPARC levels. In the present study, 10 participants (3 women; mean?±?SD age: 21?±?3 y, body mass index (BMI): 22?±?3?kg?m^?2, and V˙O_2max: 39?±?6?mL?kg^?1?min^?1) performed an acute bout of supramaximal cycle exercise (20-s Wingate sprint against 7.5% of body mass, with a 1-min warm-up and a 3-min cool-down consisting of unloaded cycling). Serum SPARC levels were determined pre-exercise as well as 0, 15, and 60?min post-exercise and corrected for plasma volume change. To determine whether regular exercise affected the acute SPARC response, participants repeated the acute exercise protocol three times per week for four weeks, and serum SPARC response to supramaximal exercise was reassessed after this period. Acute supramaximal exercise significantly decreased plasma volume (?10%; p?<?.001), but was not associated with a significant change in serum SPARC levels at either the pre-training or post-training testing sessions. In conclusion, in contrast to aerobic exercise, a single brief supramaximal cycle sprint is not associated with an increase in serum SPARC levels, suggesting that SPARC release is not related to skeletal muscle glycogen breakdown.  相似文献   

Relationship between the peak time of hamstring stretch and activation during sprinting     

Ayako Higashihara  Yasuharu Nagano  Takashi Ono  Toru Fukubayashi 《European Journal of Sport Science》2016,16(1):36-41

The purpose of this study was to investigate the time series relationships between the peak musculotendon length and electromyography (EMG) activation during overground sprinting to clarify the risk of muscle strain injury incidence in each hamstring muscle. Full-body kinematics and EMG of the right biceps femoris long head (BFlh) and semitendinosus (ST) muscles were recorded in 13 male sprinters during overground sprinting at maximum effort. The hamstring musculotendon lengths during sprinting were computed using a three-dimensional musculoskeletal model. The time of the peak musculotendon length, in terms of the percentage of the running gait cycle, was measured and compared with that of the peak EMG activity. The maximum length of the hamstring muscles was noted during the late swing phase of sprinting. The peak musculotendon length was synchronous with the peak EMG activation in the BFlh muscle, while the time of peak musculotendon length in the ST muscle occurred significantly later than the peak level of EMG activation (p < 0.05). These results suggest that the BFlh muscle is exposed to an instantaneous high tensile force during the late swing phase of sprinting, indicating a higher risk for muscle strain injury.  相似文献   

浅析短跑放松技术特点和训练     

蔡伟民  陈冀杭 《乐山师范学院学报》2005,20(12):131-133

在短跑项目中，良好的放松技术对短跑成绩有着极其重要的影响，它能最经济、最有效地发挥运动员自身的最大潜力，取得最好的成绩。本文运用文献资料法，从生理学、心理学、训练学等角度对短跑运动员的放松技术特点及影响因素进行分析，并提出了一些有效的放松技术训练方法。  相似文献   

Light-load maximal lifting velocity full squat training program improves important physical and skill characteristics in futsal players     

Julio Torres-Torrelo  Juan José González-Badillo 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(10):967-975

This study aimed to compare the effect of 6 weeks of resistance training or combined resistance training and change of direction exercises on physical performance and motor skills in futsal players. Thirty-four futsal players were divided into full squat group (SG, n = 12), combined full squat and change of direction exercises group (S+CDG, n = 12) and control group (CG, n = 10). The resistance training for SG consisted of full squat with low load (~45–58% 1RM) and low volume (4–6 repetitions), whereas the S+CDG performed the same resistance training program combined with loaded change of direction. Sprint time in 10 and 20 m, change of direction test, countermovement vertical jump (CMJ) height, maximal strength and force–velocity relationship in full squat exercise, kicking speed ball (BS_mean) and repeated sprint ability (RSA_mean) were selected as testing variables. Both experimental groups showed significant improvements for CMJ, BS_mean and all strength parameters. Only SG resulted in significant sprint gains, whereas S+CDG also achieved significant improvements in RSA_mean. The CG remained unchanged after training period. No significant differences were found between both experimental groups. These findings suggest that only 12 sessions of either lightweight resistance training alone, lifting the load at maximal intended velocity or combined with change of direction exercises is enough to improve several physical and skills capacities critical to futsal performance in adult players.  相似文献   

短跑训练对跟腱横截面积和弹性模量的影响     

沈勇伟  张林  刘劲松 《体育学刊》2010,17(1)

通过对短跑运动员和非运动员跟腱横截面积和弹性模量的研究后发现,短跑运动员和非运动员相比,跟腱的横截面积无显著性变化,弹性模量则明显增加,其差异有显著性,表明短跑训练后肌腱能够承受更大的应力可能是通过内部结构的改变而不是通过增粗、肥大来实现的.  相似文献   

现代短跑技术理论对短跑专门性练习的启示   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

翁宏伟 《体育科学研究》2010,14(4):76-80

通过文献资料法对现代短跑技术理论中途中跑的动力来源、途中跑的屈蹬技术、途中跑的支撑阶段、心理调试在短跑技术训练中的运用、短跑的放松技术进行回顾,总结认为：途中跑中两大腿应以髋为轴进行剪绞—制动;曲蹬时重心应相对放低,着地时间要短;要系统地看待短跑专门性练习。由半高抬小步跑、折叠高摆腿、小车轮跑这三个练习手段按照其固定顺序组成跑的专门性练习组合是比较合理的。  相似文献   

南京市业余体校少年儿童短跑运动员运动损伤的调查与分析     

吴南怡  陆洪付 《体育科技文献通报》2010,18(5):95-96,102

采用文献资料法、问卷调查法、访谈法、数理统计法等方法对南京市业余体校110名少年儿童短跑运动员运动损伤的调查与分析。结果显示：在少儿短跑运动中最易出现损伤的部位为踝、大腿、膝、小腿,损伤类型以关节损伤、肌肉和韧带拉伤、肌肉劳损居多,而这些损伤大多由于准备活动不充分、训练安排不合理、疲劳、技术动作不规范和某方面身体素质差引起的。建议：加强预防的同时强调训练的科学化,正确及时处理损伤并合理安排计划。  相似文献